This lab walkthrough explores a real-world exploitation scenario centered on XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerabilities, showcasing how attackers can leverage insecure XML processing to infiltrate systems and exfiltrate sensitive data. Through this step-by-step analysis, we will uncover the attacker’s tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs), including the identification of vulnerable endpoints, the use of malicious XML payloads, and the deployment of web shells for remote code execution and persistence.
The walkthrough will also delve into the consequences of these vulnerabilities, such as the unauthorized access to critical files like configuration scripts and databases, and the timeline of the attacker’s movements. Each step is dissected using packet capture PCAP data, where tools like Wireshark help identify key artifacts, including the compromised credentials, malicious file uploads, and remote access mechanisms used by the attacker.
By the end of this walkthrough, you will have a clear understanding of how XXE attacks unfold, the impact of improper XML parser configurations, and the importance of implementing robust security measures to mitigate such vulnerabilities. This analysis highlights the critical need for secure coding practices, proactive threat detection, and timely remediation to protect against similar breaches in real-world environments.